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Issue 13 -
Issue 13 Spaceports on Coastal Areas and Spaceflights: Legal Considerations on the Protection of Marine Environment
29 December 2023Spaceports located on coastal areas can have adverse consequences for the marine environment including acoustic disturbance (e.g. underwater noise) from launch, as well as flight paths passing over these areas affecting marine biodiversity, toxic contaminants and thermal effects from any discharges arising from these activities. Spaceport activities can also affect the displacement of animals and …More
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Issue 12 Ensuring the Quality of ISM Audits – The Role and Adequacy of the Legal Framework of Auditing
25 October 2023Maritime safety and thus ISM (International Safety Management Code) audits are directly or indirectly regulated by a host of regulatory instruments. These regulations set the standards for verification, certification, and auditing mechanisms. Intrinsically, these legal regulations influence, or at least should influence, the quality and effectiveness of this auditing mechanism. The legal regulatory framework of …More
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Issue 12 Some Reflections on the EU-Russia Partnership After the 1994 Corfu Agreement, with Specific Reference to Maritime Affairs
12 September 2023The aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2022 has rewritten the EU-Russia partnership that had developed over the last thirty years. In those thirty years, both the EU and the Russian Federation became maritime powers. This paper offers an analysis of the main dynamics that have brought about the developments of the EU-Russia …More
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Issue 12 Turkish Straits: Recent Adjustment of Transit Charges and Safety of Navigation
1 August 2023The Turkish Straits are one of the most congested and dangerous natural waterways in the world and recent developments have placed additional strain on safety of navigation. Previously, it has been argued that certain steps would improve transit safety and that the expenditure involved in realizing these measures could be financed through a proportional increase …More
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Issue 11 Litigation Strategies in the Mediterranean Sea: Analysis of Cases on Search and Rescue Joint Operations before the International Courts
17 May 2023In this paper, we analyse the phenomenon of designing a litigation strategy. To do this, we study the case of search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean. In particular, we observe how teams of lawyers (supported by foundations and private donations) are trying to challenge EU immigration policies by developing different litigation strategies before the …More
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Issue 11 The European Union at the International Seabed Authority: A Question of Competence on the Brink of Deep-Sea Mining
17 March 2023After years of great uncertainty on the viability of deep-sea mining activities, the International Seabed Authority is currently negotiating the draft regulations on exploitation of mineral resources in the Area. In this context, the EU has recently come up with a Commission proposal for an EU Council decision on the position to be taken on …More
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Issue 11 Fighting Fisheries Crime in Spain: A Critical Analysis from an International Law Perspective
29 December 2022Many governments face the problem of IUU fishing. Spain is a state party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and has comprehensive spatial planning compatible with international norms. In its maritime territory, the penal code is applied according to the legal regime applicable the different areas and within limitations …More
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Issue 10 The Superposition of National Legal Regimes in Maritime Disputed Areas
17 October 2022Superposition of national legal regimes in maritime disputed areas is governed by a set of international rules provided for in Articles 74 and 83 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). According to those articles, and as the international jurisprudence confirmed, not all activities are permissible in those areas, and …More
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Issue 10 Operation EUNAVFOR MED IRINI: The Implementation of the United Nations Arms Embargo at Sea by the European Union
13 October 2022The article presents the legal framework of EUNAVFOR MED IRINI, a naval force established by the EU to contribute to the implementation of the arms embargo on Libya by UNSC Resolution 1970 (2011). The legal basis of IRINI is to be found both in the EU Council’s Decision establishing it, and the UNSC Resolution it …More
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Issue 10 Privatisation of Policing at Sea by States and the European Union and its Challenges under International Law
8 August 2022This article discusses the privatisation of policing at sea, in the form of the delegation of police powers by States and the EU to private vessels. Admittedly, such privatisation has significantly increased the last years and gives rise to numerous international law questions, including questions concerning the consistency of such practice with international law, the …More