Climate Change

Issue 16 2025

Due Diligence Obligations Under UNCLOS: Navigating the Conduct- Result Dichotomy in the Context of Ocean Climate Change

by Zhonghua CHEN 23 July 2025

Under the prevailing consensus that Articles 192 and 194(1)(2) of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) constitute due diligence obligations as obligations of conduct, small island states have advocated that in the context of climate change, these provisions should go beyond the due diligence obligations and encompass obligations of result. …More

Issue 07 2019-2020

The EU Maritime Security Strategy and Climate Change: The Case of Maritime Transportation and New Challenges Ahead

by Borja MONTES TOSCANO 13 August 2020

Climate change has become one of the most critical concerns for mankind and urgent action is needed. The European Union (EU) Global Strategy of 2016 also considers climate change as a severe factor that may disrupt economic growth and endanger both citizens and territory. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) sought, but failed to reach, a …More